A mortgage is a type of loan used to purchase property, typically a home. It allows individuals to buy a house without paying the full price upfront. Instead, the buyer pays a portion as a down payment and borrows the rest from a lender.

The lender provides the loan, which the borrower agrees to repay over time, typically in monthly installments. These payments include the principal (the loan amount) and interest (the cost of borrowing). Mortgages usually have terms ranging from 15 to 30 years.

There are various types of mortgages:

1. Fixed-rate mortgages: The interest rate remains the same throughout the loan term, providing predictable payments.

2. Adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs): The interest rate starts lower but can change periodically based on market conditions.

3. Government-backed loans: These include FHA loans (for lower-income buyers), VA loans (for veterans), and USDA loans (for rural areas).

Getting a mortgage requires a strong credit score, proof of income, and a manageable debt-to-income ratio. Lenders evaluate these factors to determine the loan amount and interest rate.

Understanding the terms of a mortgage is crucial. Buyers should consider the interest rate, monthly payments, and additional costs like property taxes, insurance, and closing fees before committing.

A mortgage helps turn homeownership into a reality, but it’s essential to choose wisely and ensure it fits your financial situation.